Updated: 16-Jun-2021
(see MHI = Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Kabushiki Kaisha). Founded in 1918.
-It started its aeronautical engine activity with factories in Nagaya, Ohsachicho and Minatoki, producing licensed engines first.
-They made the Armstrong-Siddeley "Lynx" with 240 CV for the Mitsubishi Hinaruzu aircraft.
-And from Hispano-Suiza they made the Type Hi8V. And the 420 CV "Jaguar" which was the same as the original.
-Other MHI engine designations are known, such as the A-14 probably self-designed, with 800 CV for the Karigaze II aircraft.
-Or the A-4 radial that gives 700/800 CV. The A-5 radial with 400 CV. The Type-93 was a 600 CV Hispano Suiza V-12, manufactured under license in the years 1932 to 1937.
“Type-93”
-As stated in the footnotes at the beginning, the designation “Ha” indicated “Motor”.
-The Japanese Navy specified the engines as follows, such as Type-21, etc.
-And the manufacturer, internally used the letters Mk (Mark?).
-Thus we see that sometimes the same engine, with few variants, can carry up to three or four references, without naming the different "redesignations".
-Getting a "cross" relationship to get the "clue" is a job that has been given up at least for now.
-If “Ru” appears after the engine specification, it indicates that it is turbocharged.
-The first important family was that of the “Kinsei” (Venus or Golden Star) double-row radial engines with 14 cylinders, starting at 730 CV and reaching 1,500 CV at the end of their career.
“Kinsei, Type-92”
-It started with the Type-92, built between 1932 and 1936.
-The "Kinsei" 3 gave 910 CV and the -41 delivered 1,075 CV. The -43 had powers between 1,000 and 1,060 CV.
-The -44 gave 1,500 CV and the -54 (Mk8D) gave 1,300 CV and the -62 (Mk8K) delivered 1,560 CV.
“Kinsei -51”
-The Ha-101 (Mk8K), the Ha-102, and the Ha-112 (ex Ha-83) that had powers between 1,280 and 1,560 CV were also Kinsei.
“Kinsei -60”
-The -51 (Ha-33) that gave 1,280 CV was a great Mitsubishi engine and was very reliable.
“Ha-102”
-When the Kinsei in its good time reached 1,050 CV, it was considered low power for its displacement, since an equivalent Wright Cyclone provided at that time (year 1942), 1,200 CV.
“Ha-112”
-This low power was attributed to cooling problems.
-The Kinsei-60 was manufactured between 1940 and 1945. 3,725 engines of this type were made.
-Below are two unpublished photographs of the -62 mounted on a “Zero” captured during WWII.
-As developments of the "Kinsei" were the "Zuisei" (Holy Star).
-They were based on the same design, but reducing the stroke and overall diameter and placing a two-speed supercharger.
“Kinsei-62”
-The Zuisei -21 had, for example, a machine gun synchronizer as its main feature. It had 14 cylinders in double row.
“Zuisei -13”
-The "Kasei" (or Mars) were the largest radials, with 18 cylinders in double-row.
“Kasei Ha-32”
-Of the Mk4 (Ha-32) there were derivatives such as -A (Mk-4A), -B, -Q, -E, -R or -T and the powers varied between 1,460 and 1,850 CV.
“Kasei-20”
-By types, the -20, -21, -22 (Mk4Q), -23 (Mk4RA), -24, -25 (Mk4T), were the most common during WWII.
-Also the Ha-104 with 1,800-2,000 CV are “Kasei”, like the Ha-211 (Mk-9), giving 2,200 CV, or the Ha-214 (Mk-10) with 2,400 CV.
“Kasei-21”
“Kasei-25”
“Kasei-Ha26”
-The Mk9D was an 18-cylinder, air-cooled, radial that gave 2,130 CV and was installed on the Kiyushu Shinden. Year 1945.
-The Kasei Ha-14 with its contra-rotating propellers on coaxial shafts was very interesting.
“Kasei-14”
-Mitsubishi was involved in the construction of the Ne-20 turbojet engines.
-It was a design from the Naval Technical Arsenal in Kugisho in the vicinity of Yokosuka.
-In fact it was a BMW 003 at 3/4 scale and with 475 Kgf of thrust.
-Mitsubishi also intervened in the Ne-330 with 1,300 Kgf of thrust and which was based on the Hirth 109-011.
-Mitsubishi in Nagoya had already built Hispano-Suiza, Armstrong-Siddeley and Junkers engines under license before WWII. (The HS V8 "H Shiki" = 42v of 300 CV and the Aa35 of 200 CV).
-From Hispano Suiza they made the 12 Nb and 12 Nbr, as well as the 12X and 12Y.
-Much later, two references of bi-fuel rocket engines appeared, the KR-10 Tokuro 2 of 1,500 Kgf and the Tokuro 3, of 2,000 Kgf
-Before the small Tokuro 1 type 2 had a thrust of 150 Kgf and Type 3 delivered 210 Kgf.
-The Tokuro engines were actually the Toku-Ro. They were derived from the German Walter engines not to say copied.
-The Toku-ro 1 Type 3 engines were mounted on the I-Go-1 (Ki-147) guided missile that we see below.
“I-go-1 guided missile”
-The Toku-Ro 2 and 3 engines were mounted on the Sushui and Sushui-kai (the Japanese Me-163), as well as on the Mizuno Shinryu.
"Mizuno Shinryu rocket plane"
-After the war, in 1952 they restarted their aviation activities building under license and participating in IAE, both in turbines and rockets.
-With IHI, the FJR710 turbofan and the RJ500. Participate with RR and JAEC for these engines.
-In 1967 it built the Allison CT-63 turbine for the helicopters of its Defense Forces.
-In 1972 they also began to build the P&W JT8D-9 and auxiliary gas turbine compressors such as the GCM-1 under license.
-In 1984 it extended its collaboration with P&W for the JT8D-200 and in 1989 for the PW-4000.
-The IAE V-2500 engine is built together with IHI and Kawasaki.
-And with KHI and IHI, it developed turboshafts between 800 and 1,000 SCV to for medium helicopters. The MG5-100 with 800 sCV or the XTS1-10 that gave 884 sCV.
From Appendix 6: We have received some pictures of the 14-cylinder, double-row “Kinsei” Type 96 radial that gave 990 CV at 2,400 rpm, in a front view and on its aircraft.
"Kinsei Type 96 front view"
"Photograph of the mentioned Kinsei engine"
After the visit to the NASM storage department, we have new photographs of the Kasei 21 and 22 and the Ha-42. Courtesy of AEHS.
“Mitsubishi Kasei 21, Ha-32 or Model 21”
“Mitsubishi Kasei 22, Ha-32, Model 22 (MK4Q)”
-The Mitsubibhi Ha-42 was the Model 41 Ru (or Ha-214Ru) and had a front fan to force air cooling.
-At the rear, there were two mechanical superchargers driven by a generous accessory box where the multiplier gears were located.
“Mitsubishi Ha-42”
"The same engine in rear view"
“Mitsubishi Zuisei Ha-31, Type 11”
-The Zuisei was known as the "Holy Star", with 14 cylinders in two rows. These engines were derived from the Ha-26 and Ha-102 series. Variants of this engine were installed on the famous Zero fighter.
From Appendix 7: Mitsubishi made V8 engines under license. They gave 200-300-320 CV and were known as "Type Hi", also as "H Shiki". They were built under Hispano-Suiza licenses.
-Specifically the 200 CV V8, “Hi-V8” was a Type Aa35, and in 1918 it was seen on the Navy Yokosho Seaplane. The 300 CV was a Type 42v.
“Army Type Ko4 fighter” (PiP-fmr)
From Appendix 9: Engines made under license from Hispano-Suiza, type V8, are mentioned in the main text as “Hi” models.
-We have located another name which is "H Shiki". (Shiki = Type).
“H-Shiki, 300 CV”
"Detail and panel of the H-Shiki of 300 CV"
-The 300 CV engines known as “H-Shiki” and also by “Hi” were made by Mitsubishi for the Japanese navy, and gave from 200 to 320 CV.
-They were licensed by Hispano-Suiza and corresponded to the model 8F and type 42v, from 1921. The 320 CV engine was possibly the same with a few more maximum revolutions.
-The 200 CV “H-Shiki” or “Hi” engine was another V8 built under license from Hispano-Suiza based on the Ab8 type 35 model.
-These photos taken at the Osaka Museum. (PiP).
-My friend Talo Shi sent me some pictures of this brand's engines licensed by Hispano-Suiza, type 12V. One of 450 CV, another of 650 CV and a model 93 of 700 CV.
-But first we show a Mongusu (AS Mongoose with lic.).
“Mitsubishi Mongusu”
“Mitsubishi 450 CV (Lic. Hispano-Suiza)”
“Mitsubishi 650 CV (Lic. Hispano-Suiza)”
“Mitsubishi 93, de 700 CV (Lic. Hispano-Suiza)”
-Collection of photographs of radial engines received from a collaborator (T.S.). First a Type 10, called Kasei (Mars), from the year 1941.
"Mitsubishi Kasei (Mars) 10"
"Mitsubishi Kasei (Mars) 20"
-There is no doubt that the complicity of designations of Japanese engines, between the models of the factory, those of the army and those of the navy lend themselves to constant confusion. Perhaps the found sources are not accurate either.
-20 can be 23 and vice versa. See main text.
“Mitsubishi 23 (-20 in the main text)”
"The previous engine from behind -increased-"
-In the upper part of the accessory box is the injection pump with a rotary distributor. In the center the starter, just below the generator and on both sides of it are the two magnetos.
"Mitsubishi Kinsei (Venus) 40"
"Mitsubishi Kinsei (Venus) 50"
-Most of the engines that appear in this group were used during WWII. Those in this column appear to be from 1942.
"Mitsubishi type 92, 400 CV"
“Mitsubishi 100 (41), 1250 CV”
From Appendix 10: Below we list the rocket engines that have been built by this brand.
-HIMES
-HM-16
-Lace / LE-5
-LE-5
-LE-5A
-LE-5B
-LE-7
-LE-7A
-LS-C4
-LS-A
-LS-A-2.5 (and booster)
-NAL.16
-NAL-25
-NAL-7
-S-A
-S-A-11
-S-C
-S-B
-ST
-ST-735-1
-ST-735-2
“LE-7”
-There has been a piston engine from WWII: the water-cooled “Nu-Go”. It is a double engine that reaches 5,000 CV.
-In the Torokozawa Museum there is a remnant of a Mitsubishi Ha-50, radial engine that was extracted from the sea around 1984.
-It is exposed as it is, cleaned and protected with some type of varnish.
“Remainders of the Mitsubishi Ha-50”
-As we can see, the “core” of pieces of steel, iron, and bronze remained.
-The light cast, when exposed to salt water disappeared.
-It is to be assumed that the remains of the cylinder heads that appear in the lower part would had been buried in the mud or sand and were less exposed to the action of salt.
-This is the extreme case that the author has found, of marine effect on light alloys.
-On one occasion in my professional life, during the three months that an airplane was under the sea, the magnesium rims on the wheels disappeared.
"Photography with a more frontal angle"
"Remains of the Ha-50, from behind"
In collaboration with the American Pratt & Whitney the MB-60 was made. A liquid fuel rocket engine.
“Mitsubishi MB-60 appearance”
-Now we confirm that the MB-35 is also built in this collaboration. It is in the brand's list.
Engines of MITSUBISHI
Model: .B-5, 11-Shi, 800 CV V12,
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Model: A-14, Zuisei (Ha-26), 850 CV.
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Model: A-16, 11-Shi, 700CV, V-12 aire.
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Model: A-17, 13-Shi, 800 CV. 14 cils. radiales
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Model: A-20. (22 cilindros en doble estrella)
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Model: A-4 radial, 800 HP (Kinsei 14 radial)
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Model: A-5, radial de 400 HP, Arfmy 92. 9 cyl. radial
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Model: A-6 Shinten, 920 CV
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Model: A-7 Shinten-Kai (Ha-6)
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Model: A-8 Kinsei 3, 830 CV
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Model: A-9 radial. Aire. 610 CV. De 1935
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Model: B-1 700CV, Type 93,
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Model: B-2, V-12 de 600 CV
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Model: B-3 (Ha-3/Ha-14) V-12
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Model: B-4, Ha-21 / -121 / -221 / V-12.
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Model: D-3 (Ha-22, 12V Diesel
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Model: D-4 Project (Ha-300)
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Model: DS
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Model: GF-02
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Model: H Shiki V8-200, lic. Hispano-Suiza Ab8 Type 35
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Model: H Shiki V8-300, lic. Hispano-Suiza 8F Type 42v
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Model: Ha-..., Kasei (ver Nakajima)
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Model: Ha-10, Mars
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Model: Ha-101, Kinsei
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Model: Ha-102, Kinsei, Zuisei?
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Model: Ha-104, Kinsei
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Model: Ha-112, Kinsei (Venus)
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Model: Ha-12, Kasei, 14 radial
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Model: Ha-13, Kasei
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Model: Ha-14, Kasei
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Model: Ha-15, Kasei
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Model: Ha-21 Zuisei (Ha-102)
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Model: Ha-211
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Model: Ha-214
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Model: Ha-22, Kasei
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Model: Ha-23, -23a, -b, -c. Kasei
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Model: Ha-24, Kasei
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Model: Ha-25, -25-a, -b, -c. Kasei
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Model: Ha-26, Zuisei (Holy Star) Shinten?
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Model: Ha-27, Kasei
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Model: Ha-3, Kinsei, 910 HP, -41, -44, etc.
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Model: Ha-33, Kinsei, -51, etc.
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Model: Ha-41, Kinsei
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Model: Ha-42, Kinse
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Model: Ha-43, Kinsei
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Model: Ha-44, Kinsei
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Model: Ha-45, Kinsei
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Model: Ha-46, Kinsei
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Model: Ha-50, Kinsei
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Model: Ha-50, Venus (?)
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Model: Ha-51, Kinsei
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Model: Ha-52, Kinsei
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Model: Ha-53, Kinsei
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Model: Ha-54, Kinsei
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Model: Ha-6, Kinsei (Golden Star)
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Model: Ha-92, 400 CV.
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Model: Himes
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Model: HM-16
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Model: Jaguar (Lic.)
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Model: KR-10 (Toku-Ro-2) rocket engine
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Model: Lace/LE-5
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Model: LE-3
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Model: LE-5, -5A, -5B, -5B1, -5B2
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Model: LE-7, -7A (Short and long nozzle),.LE-8
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Model: LE-9
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Model: LS-A, -booster
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Model: LS-C-2.5
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Model: LS-C-4
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Model: Lynx (Lic.)
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Model: MB-35
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Model: MB-60
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Model: Mongusu (Mongoose Lic.)
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Model: NAL-16
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Model: NAL-25
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Model: NAL-7
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Model: NU-GO
Model: oku-Ro-3, rocket engine
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Model: P&W Hornet (Myojo 1 y 2) 9 radial y 760 CV
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Model: Renault 70 CV V8 (Lic. 1916)
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Model: S-A
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Model: S-B
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Model: S-C
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Model: SA-II
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Model: Shinten (Ha-6, 1933)
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Model: SRX
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Model: ST
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Model: ST-735-1
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Model: ST-735-2
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Model: Toku-Ro-1, rocket engine
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Model: Toku-Ro-2, rocket engine
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Model: TS-1-M10
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Model: Type 101, Zuisei, radial
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Model: Type 4, radial
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Model: Type 93, V-12 (Lic. Hispano-Suiza) 700 CV
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Model: Type 97, Zuisei, radial
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Model: Type V-12 650 CV
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Model: Type V12 450 CV
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Model: V8 Type “Hi” de 200, 300 y 320 HP. (lic Hispano Suiza)
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