It is also known as "NPO Energia" that was the builder of one of the most powerful Russian rocket engines, "Central Specialized Design Bureau" in Samara, but it is known as "Energia" during a period from 1974 to 1990. From this date their engines appear as "NPO Energomash". (see Energomash).

-From this period, in western magazines, we saw that the RSC-Energia engines were identified as Energia, the ODU liquid fuel engine running on N2O4 / UDMH for Soyuz TM and TMA rockets.

"Russian rocket"

-They also designed the Energia 11D33 liquid fuel engine running on LOX and RP1 on the third stage of the Molniya M vehicle.

-The same fuel was used by the Energy RD11D58M. (RD are the initials of Rekativnyi Dvigatel).

-In the chapter of Energomash we describe the precedents of Energia and the following years to the present.

"Soyuz TMA-2"

-GDL (see) was one of those predecessors. The RD-170 engine of 806 tons went in a cluster of four of these engines, burning LOX and kerosene.

-The Energia spaceship, especially large, and overlooking the trip to Mars, grouped several of these "clusters" but consuming LOX and liquid hydrogen, giving a thrust of 4,500 tons.

"RD-170"

-Energia is RKK Energia. The Energia project is a huge capacity rocket system, designed for the Buran and evolving for other missions, such as a large cruiser or the Vulkan, etc.

"Three Energias, the Vulkan in the center"

-The great body of the Vulkan with central fuel tanks and that contains the payload space in the bow. When it is not attached it has the boosters around it.

-The whole set uses several engines of different types.

-For example the 17D11, 17D12 and 17D15 engines. Each booster has four engines.

-The 17D12 is a version of the RD-58. It uses liquid oxygen and a synthetic kerosene called "Sintin". Built between 1982 and 1986.

"Energia and the boosters with their engines"

-Each Booster has four 17D15 engines, with gaseous oxygen and Sintin.

-Sintin is a synthetic kerosene with greater specific thrust.

"Booster nozzles"

"Four engines for the Buran"

-The 17D11 propulsion system is considered as the composition of 2 x 17D12, 38 x 17D15 and 8 x RDMT-200K.

From Appendix 6: (see Energomash too). New photographs of the cluster of four RD-170 engines that give 806 tons of thrust each of the four, and as they were shown at the 1989 Paris Air Show.

-This group consumed about 305 tons of liquid oxygen and kerosene for 145 seconds.

-If they consumed oxygen and liquid hydrogen, the thrust increased to 4,500 tons in total.

"Group of four RD-170"

-The RD-180 engine is only double instead of quadruple like the RD-170.

They were made by Energomash (NPO), and in the mid-1990's they were also built by the North American Pratt & Whitney in an agreement to increase markets and join technologies.

"Energomash RD-180"

"RD-275"

"RD-275 engines in cluster of a Russian rocket"