Alex Poberdonostev experimented with a Ramjet, the R-3, based on a 76mm artillery shell using white phosphorous fuel. It reached the speed of Mach-2 in tests in 1933.

“Ramjet R-3”

-The first stage was a rocket engine, A-1 known as Polar. It seems that it was sponsored by GIRD and GDL, which in this year were unified in RN II-NKTP.